[11], Unlike the NATO alliance, SEATO had no joint commands with standing forces. Paul has authored numerous reports and articles related to nuclear disarmament and broader security and disarmament issues, defence economics and green politics. The organization produces a fortnightly podcast series, In The Zone, which explores constructive approaches to improve the chances of achieving a WMDFZ in the Middle East. He has also served as an elected City Councillor (1996-2002) and was leader of the Green Group and co-leader of Oxford City Council (2000-02). About I am currently dedicated to the field of peace activism and social change. In 2002, he established the Department of Disarmament & Arms Control within the Arab League General Secretariat. Egypt - Revolution, Republic, Nile | Britannica But, perhaps most interestingly, given the current political situation many of these countries find themselves in, they also had to agree not to interfere in each others internal affairs. Jacob is currently pursuing a BA in International Relations at Durham University in the UK. "Iran's Nuclear Energy Program. (The U.S. provided limited military support to Pakistan, 1974: The United Kingdom withdraws forces from the alliance following the. [13] In 1962, as part of its commitment to SEATO, the Royal Australian Air Force deployed CAC Sabres of its No. [22][25], Both the United States and Australia cited the alliance as justification for involvement in Vietnam. CENTO nation help sought by Pakistan. PDF TPNW First Meeting of States Parties to the Treaty on the - UNODA It was formed in 24 February 1955 by Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Turkey, and the United Kingdom. The Middle East Treaty Organization (METO) is a coalition of civil society activists and practitioner To this end, Young METO is a key element in educating people and raising awareness. She co-hosts the bi-weekly METO podcast, In the Zone. The United States signed individual agreements with each of the nations in the Pact, but it did not formally join. In recent years, she presented a radio show called According to Foreign Sources, an outlet discussing the state of democracy in Israel. 1965: Pakistan tried to get help from its allies in its war against India. [31] The Dhaka laboratory soon became the world's leading cholera research facility and was later renamed the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh. No trust and political will No agreement on when & how No engagement with civil society. The METO evolving Draft Treaty text combined with our advocacy work provides governments with a realistic path forward. Central Treaty Organization - Wikipedia [15], The states newly formed from French Indochina (North Vietnam, South Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos) were prevented from taking part in any international military alliance as a result of the Geneva Agreements signed 20 July of the same year concluding the end of the First Indochina War. Directors Advisors Associates Board of Directors Sharon Dolev He joined METO in 2021, while finishing his PhD in Political Science at the University of Goettingen, Germany. Published by Routledge. [20], The majority of SEATO members were not located in Southeast Asia. Follow View all 35. As a result, the other signatories to the Baghdad Pact formed the Central Treaty Organization, or CENTO. Our Partnershipswith leading academic and policy institutions are key to advancing our goal of a WMD Free Zone in the Middle East. Dimitrakis, Panagiotis, The Value to CENTO of UK Bases on Cyprus". Leonardo Bandarra is a scholar working on WMD nonproliferation and disarmament, mostly of nuclear weapons. Emad holds a Masters of International Affairs from Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs. WMDFZ Working paper submitted by the Middle East Treaty Organization In 2018, the United Nations General Assembly took the historic decision to entrust "the Secretary-General with the convening [] of a conference on the establishment of a Middle East zone free of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction." Middle East Policy Council website. She joined the Middle East Treaty Organization in 2021 through the University Network and as a Programme Associate, she is now heading METOs Humanitarian Initiative. METO consists of a board of directors, our advisors, our programme associates and hundreds of supporters and partner organisations. This led the United Kingdom to withdraw forces that had been earmarked to the alliance - Nos 9 and 35 Squadrons flying Avro Vulcan bombers,[6] and the United States Congress halted military aid to Turkey despite two Presidential vetoes. The formal institution of SEATO was established on 19 February 1955 at a meeting of treaty partners in Bangkok, Thailand. [30] In 1959, SEATO set up the Cholera Research Laboratory in Bangkok, later establishing a second Cholera Research Laboratory in Dhaka, East Pakistan. [3], The organization's headquarters was in Baghdad, Iraq from 1955 to 1958 and thereafter in Ankara, Turkey from 1958 to 1979. Together, these contributions have already changed the disarmament discourse from one of impossibility, to the realm of possibility. [13], Despite its name, SEATO mostly included countries located outside of the region but with an interest either in the region or the organization itself. Alongside his degree, he has worked towards peacebuilding and conflict resolution in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and is a contributor to the Chatham House Common Futures Conversations initiative. Along with this she is also keen on understanding the Gendered Perspectives on Arms Control and Disarmament in the International Security discourse. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. During this time he also taught leadership and systems thinking on the UK National School of Governments flagship Top Management Programme for senior civil servants (2007-12) and hosted the weekly peak-time political talk show programme 60 minutes on Iranian domestic TV (2007-12). 79 Squadron to Ubon Royal Thai Air Force Base, Thailand. Meklis, Y. The Middle East Treaty Organization (METO) is a coalition of civil society activists and practitioners seeking to rid the Middle East from all weapons of mass destruction as a gateway toward regional security and peace. [25] It was initially located in Baghdad, Iraq, but was relocated to Tehran, Iran in 1958 after Iraq withdrew from CENTO. Although, as noted above, it had pulled out of the Organization at this point. He lectures on security and disarmament issues at various academic and policy institutions. He is particularly focused on international policy of climate change and globalization, and hopes to work in foreign policy in the future. London-based non-governmental organization, Toggle METO in Publications and Media subsection, International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons, International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, British American Security Information Council, "About us Middle East Treaty Organization", "A Draft Treaty for a WMD Free Zone in the Middle East: Time to Envisage the Practical UNODA", "Abolition 2000 | Global Network to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons", "Draft Treaty Middle East Treaty Organization", "Diplomacy Middle East Treaty Organization", "Draft Treaty V3 Middle East Treaty Organization", "Achieving the Possible: "Weapons of Mass Destruction Free Zone in the Middle East", "United Nations General Assembly Decision 73/546", "Conference on the Establishment of a Middle East Zone Free of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction UNODA", "WMD-Free Middle East Proposal at a Glance | Arms Control Association", "Report of the Conference on the Establishment of a Middle East Zone Free of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the work of its first session", "Political declaration adopted at the first session of the Conference on the Establishment of a Middle East Zone Free of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction", "The Middle East: Is there light at the end of the Long Corridor? By submitting your information, you agree to accept our privacy policy and you give us permission to email you. In 1995-1996, he was a lecturer on arms control and disarmament for a post-graduate course at the Marne-la-Valle University. He is the co-author of Weapons of Mass Destruction: A new approach to non-proliferation, published by Routledge. Israel responded by invading the Sinai peninsula, and British and French forces intervened. Achieving the Possible: Peace, Security & A Middle East free from all weapons of mass destruction. With Kiyaei also on board, the Middle East Treaty Organization was born. At the UN75 Conference in Estonia, she presented on peacebuilding and intercultural dialogues, and remained involved in the continuing work which followed on. She joined METO in 2021 as a Student Representative, and then went on to become a Programme Associate leading The Bright Side project, a news bulletin that publishes good news from the Middle East and North Africa in various fields, including disarmament and human rights. "[1] Others said that the reason was "for purely technical reasons of budgeting procedures. Middle East Treaty Organization -METO - Facebook Emad Kiyaei, Tony Robinson, Sharon Dolev, Non-proliferation and Regional Cooperation in the Middle East,. We use cookies on our website. To advance a robust civil society movement ensuring governments deliver on their commitments to non-proliferation and human security. Aayushi has recently completed her Masters in Conflict Analysis and Peace-Building from the Nelson Mandela Centre for Peace and Conflict Resolution from Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi. Instead, the U.S shifted its focus to the "Northern Tier," referring to the line of countries that formed a border between the U.S.S.R. and the Middle East. Establishing Nuclear Weapons Obligations for a Middle East Zone Free of The way to improved Soviet-Egyptian relations had been prepared by Nasser's refusal to join the Baghdad Pact (the Middle East Treaty Organization, later known as the Central Treaty Organization), which had been formed earlier that year by Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, and the United Kingdom, with the support of the United States, to counter . [1] As early as the 1950s Aneurin Bevan unsuccessfully tried to block SEATO in the British Parliament, at one point interrupting a parliamentary debate between Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden and Leader of the Opposition Clement Attlee to excoriate them both for considering the idea. Toggle Cultural and research institutions subsection. [2] These treaties and agreements were intended to create alliances that would keep communist powers in check (Communist China, in SEATO's case). [8] Roundtable negotiations to discuss the treaty were organized among senior diplomatic and former diplomatic figures from regional governments and representatives from international organizations, as well as subject experts. Giada Del Russo - Program Associate - Middle East Treaty Organization We use some essential cookies to make our services work. Company status Active Company type Private company limited by guarantee without share capital Incorporated on 3 July 2020 . OUP (2011) Conceiving Citizens: Women and the Politics of Motherhood in Iran. CENTO was unwilling to get deeply involved in either dispute. Whatever containment value the pact might have had was lost when the Soviets 'leap-frogged' the member states, establishing close military and political relationships with governments in Egypt, Syria, Iraq, South Yemen, Somalia, and Libya. In 2009, he joined World without Wars and Violence and took part in the first World March for Peace and Nonviolence which campaigned for the elimination of nuclear arsenals and all forms of violence. PressenzaAn international news agency dedicated to news about peace and nonviolence with offices in Athens, Barcelona, Berlin, Bordeaux, Brussels, Budapest, Buenos Aires, Florence, Lima, London, Madrid, Manila, Mar del Plata, Milan, Montreal, Munich, New York, Palermo, Paris, Porto, Quito, Rome, Santiago, Sao Paulo, Turin, Valencia and Vienna. Finally closing down with the organization itself in 1979. On June 28, 1987, the Iraqi Air Force conducted an aerial bombardment on the town of Sardasht, located in northwest Iran. Paul Ingram, Pressenza republishes here the text of the statement released by the Middle East Treaty Organization issued today. Collective defense organization (19551977). The latest violent conflict between Palestine and Israel further destabilises an already volatile region. He has contributed to fundraising and networking efforts, helped administer METOs Summer Education Course, and also writes articles for Pressenza, METOs media affiliate. It was largely unsuccessful in this mission; for example, Iraq left . Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Marc Finaud is a former French diplomat who currently works with the Geneva Centre for Security Policy where he leads activities related to Arms Proliferation. To oversee the treatys eventual implementation, verification and compliance. [29] SEATO's Skilled Labor Project (SLP) created artisan training facilities, especially in Thailand, where ninety-one training workshops were established. Alice is currently pursuing a BA in International Relations and Arabic at SOAS, University of London with a focus on decolonisation related to diplomacy and security of the Arab World. 24 Countries (22 countries of the Arab League, plus Iran and Israel). The Middle East Treaty Organization (METO) is a non-governmental organization founded in 2017 by a coalition of civil-society activists and disarmament practitioners, with the aim to rid the Middle East of all weapons of mass destruction (WMD). In the early 1950s, the United States Government expressed an interest in the formation of a Middle East Command to protect the region against communist encroachment. [5] With the fall of the Iranian monarchy, whatever remaining rationale for the organization was lost. The Central Treaty Organization (CENTO), also known as the Baghdad Pact or the Middle East Treaty Organization (METO), was one of Cold War's weirdest and ultimately least successful alliances. Sharon Dolev is a peace and human rights activist with a focus on eradicating nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction from the Middle East through innovative policy, education, advocacy and activism. Sharon Dolev - Executive Director - Middle East Treaty Organization Back in Paris, he worked at the Directorate for Europe (Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe -CSCE-) from 1979 to 1982. [1] In The Geneva Conference of 1954 on Indochina, Sir James Cable, a British diplomat and naval strategist,[34] cabled the Foreign Office and described SEATO as "a fig leaf for the nakedness of American policy", citing the Manila Pact as a "zoo of paper tigers". The outcome of the incident was a profound loss of British prestige in the region, which in turn damaged its position of leadership in the Baghdad Pact. Believing in the impossible | Beyond Nuclear International CENTO was finally disbanded in 1979 after it was unable to prevent the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974 or the Iranian Islamic revolution. Experts in their fields are asked about how to dodge the obstacles, how to build trust between countries and how to improve peace and security for people in the region. [3] This strategy is supported through programming and events centered around policy debates, advocacy and education. In The Zone podcast series from the Middle East Treaty Organization ", Jalal, Ayesha. May 19, 1954: U.S. and Pakistan sign a Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement. Young METO - Middle East Treaty Organization Young METO METO's mission to eradicate weapons of mass destruction (WMDs), broker peace and build security in the Middle East can only be achieved with the widespread support of people all over the world. In response to these developments, the United States invoked the 1957 Eisenhower Doctrine as justification for intervening in Lebanon. External links to other Internet sites should not be construed as an endorsement of the views or privacy policies contained therein. "The Role of Science in the Development of Natural Resources with Particular Reference to Pakistan, Iran and Turkey". The focal point in Cronbergs work has been peace and security. A series of events in 1958, including an Egyptian-Syrian union, an Iraqi revolution, and civil unrest in Lebanon threatened regional stability. 313 likes. Treaty members had to agree to mutual cooperation and protection. The Central Treaty Organization (CENTO), also known as the Baghdad Pact or the Middle East Treaty Organization (METO), was one of Cold Wars weirdest and ultimately least successful alliances. Shaping Futures: We are training current and future practitioners in the field of disarmament and security through education and capacity-building programmes. The Bright Side - Middle East Treaty Organization In any case, the Organization spent its entire limited existence without the formal membership of the United States, but was nevertheless highly influenced by them. Who Drives on the Wrong Side of the Road. [16] Other regional countries like Burma and Indonesia were far more mindful of domestic internal stability rather than any communist threat,[15] and thus rejected joining it. Why does the Central Treaty Organization include the word "central"? In 1979, the Iranian revolution led to the overthrow of the shah and Iran's withdrawal from CENTO. Building Bridges: We have brought together policymakers, academics, and activists from across the Middle East, facilitating ground-breaking dialogue and collaboration. The United Kingdom, France and the United States, the latter of which joined after the U.S. Senate ratified the treaty by an 821 vote,[22] represented the strongest Western powers. An all-encompassing WMDFZ treaty for the Middle East, grounded on a regional organization capable of . The King of Jordan considered joining, but he could not overcome domestic opposition to the pact. Weapons of Mass Destruction: A new approach to non-proliferation, British American Security Information Council (BASIC), Abolition 2000 Global Network to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons, The Beginning of the End of Nuclear Weapons, SIPRI, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Full article: Towards an Achievable WMDFZ Treaty for the Middle East The Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty was signed on 8 September 1954 in Manila,[1] as part of the American Truman Doctrine of creating anti-communist bilateral and collective defense treaties. In addition, Wael was the Permanent Observer and Ambassador to Austria and to the international organizations in Vienna; the High Representative of the Secretary-General of the Arab League for Disarmament and Regional Security in Vienna; and a member of the Advisory Board of the UN Secretary-General for Disarmament Affairs. She joined METO in 2021 and has been involved in several workstreams including the organisation of a roadshow at St Andrews, The Bright Side publication as well as participating in our social media team. [5] Unlike NATO, METO did not have a unified military command structure, nor were many American or British military bases established in member countries, although the United States had communications and electronic intelligence facilities in Iran, and operated U-2 intelligence flights over the Soviet Union from bases in Pakistan. Rogers Plan (1969) Camp David Accords (1978) Egypt-Israel peace treaty (1979) Fahd Plan (1981) Reagan Plan (September 1, 1982) Fez Initiative (September 9, 1982) May 17 Agreement, a failed attempt of peace between Lebanon and Israel (1983) Israel-Jordan peace treaty (1994) Arab Peace Initiative (March 28, 2002) This page was last edited on 4 July 2023, at 12:32. It was modeled after NATO and was intended to resist Soviet expansion into the Middle East and South Asia. We work to advance the idea of not just preventing any particular war but abolishing the entire institution. Yet was itself unable to become a member. (1953). Paul Ingram is a co-founder of METO and Associate Director. The draft treaty text[9] facilitated by METO's process was brought to the United Nations General Assembly by Egypt on 22 December 2018, alongside a proposal to launch an annual conference to discuss the zone. Sahimi, M. Website. If youd like to join us, please click here. Tariq Rauf is an internationally recognized expert on matters such as: nuclear non-proliferation, nuclear disarmament, nuclear security, international and regional security, nuclear-weapon-free zones, multilateral treaties on controlling weapons of mass destruction; multilateral approaches to the nuclear fuel cycle including the IAEA Low Enriched Uranium (LEU) Reserve at Angarsk (Russia), the IAEA LEU Bank (Kazakhstan) and assurances of supply of nuclear fuel; the nuclear programmes of India, Iran, Iraq, Libya, North Korea, Pakistan, Syria; nuclear-weapons testing; the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT); the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT); as well as other related areas. Creating Awareness: We have put issues of human security and disarmament into the spotlight. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. [33], Though Secretary of State John Foster Dulles considered SEATO an essential element in U.S. foreign policy in Asia, historians have considered the Manila Pact a failure, and the pact is rarely mentioned in history books. On 14 July 1958, the Iraqi monarchy was overthrown in a military coup. Formerly, he was a researcher for Princeton Universitys Woodrow Wilson School of Public & International Affairs and an associate at Columbia Universitys Center for International Conflict Resolution (CICR). CENTO: One of The Cold War's Weirdest & Least Successful Alliances These include serving as the Director of Greenpeace in Israel, leading the organizations peace and disarmament campaigns. A year spent as the lead in campaign and outreach efforts for SCRAPWeapons as Advocacy Manager, Anahita was a civil society delegate at the Fifth Conference of State Parties to the Arms Trade Treaty. The Middle East Treaty Organization (METO) is a non-governmental organization founded in 2017 by a coalition of civil-society activists and disarmament practitioners, with the aim to rid the Middle East of all w Read More Contact Who is Middle East Treaty Organization Headquarters London, Essex, United Kingdom Website www.wmd-free.me Revenue <$5M Middle East Treaty Organization - Overview, News - ZoomInfo [28] Such activities were overseen by SEATO's Committee of Information, Culture, Education, and Labor Activities, and proved to be some of SEATO's greatest successes. February 24, 1955: Iraq and Turkey sign a military agreement in Baghdad and the term "Baghdad Pact" started to be used. You've accepted analytics cookies. After the withdrawal of Iraq from the Baghdad Pact, CENTO moved its headquarters to Ankara, Turkey, and the United States continued to support the organization as an associate, but not as a member. [13] The only regional country that did not participate was Israel. To accept or reject analytics cookies, turn on JavaScript in your browser settings and reload this page. The good news is that most of them have done it! Unified Military Command Seen, 1958/01/30 (1958)", 19471948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine, Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council, On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences, North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972, Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union, 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States, American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation, United States involvement in regime change, Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Treaty_Organization&oldid=1166134900, Intergovernmental organizations established by treaty, Military alliances involving the United Kingdom, Military alliances involving the United States, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0. The associated 16-nation Stockholm Initiative for Nuclear Disarmament has become a widely-acknowledged glimmer of hope for the NPT Review process. [19] Cambodia, however rejected the protection in 1956. Pathways to a WMD-free zone in the Middle East The Organization stayed out of the Six-Day and the Yom Kippur wars, although Iraq was an active belligerent in the former and provided combat support in the latter. In April, the United Kingdom announced its intention to adhere to the Pact, and it was followed by Pakistan and finally, Iran.
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