3, No. History of slavery in North Carolina - Wikipedia A growing number of Africans were enslaved for petty debts or minor criminal or religious offenses or following unprovoked raids on unprotected villages. SOUTH Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Cedar Hill Plantation 128-152. In this slave society, children of slave mothers were considered slaves, regardless of the status of their fathers, according to the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, which had been incorporated into state law since the 17th century, following the model of Virginia. 7, No. Thanks for visiting! As transportation improved, more land was given over to cotton and less to foodstuffs, which could be imported. The census of 1830 lists 3,775 free Negroes who owned a total of 12,760 slaves. Wood, Peter H. Black Majority: Negroes in Colonial South Carolina from 1670 through the Stono Rebellion. 1, No. 81-98. Miles Brewton and Some of His Descendants: A. S. Salley, Jr. Reprint, Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1995. History of slavery in South Carolina. Burglary, arson, and running away, inter alia, were all capital offenses punishable by death. April appeared to have purchased his freedom by money saved from a portion of his earnings. South Carolina was an anomaly to other continental colonies in British North America in that it was the only one where slave concubinage was almost instituted in open practice, in imitation of English customs in the West Indies. John W Buckner served in the Civil War, Confederate Army, 7th Battalion Nelson's Enfield Rifles Company E South Carolina Infantry and, after the conclusion of the War, was a long time employee of his uncle, Henry Ellison. The white woman was put on a pedestal and was expected to stay there. The demographic disproportion continued. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27574958, The Jervey Family of South Carolina: A. S. Salley, Jr. Mathewes, Georgetown, SC, 1848 indexed by Vickie, Slaves at Hickory Hill Plantation of Edith Mathews, Charleston, SC, 1796 Indexed by Felicia R. Mathis, 1867 Estate Inventory of John Raven Mathews: List of Enslaved People Freed in 1865 Indexed by Toni Carrier, Slaves at Snee Farm Plantation, Charleston, SC, 1859 Indexed by Alana, Slaves in the Estate of Mary McKewn, Oak Hill Plantation, Charleston, 1853 Indexed by Sandra Taliaferro, Sale of 106 Slaves in the Estate of Anne Middleton McUen, SC, 1851 Indexed by Karen Meadows-Rogers, Slaves in the Estate of William Milland, Charleston, SC, 1860 Indexed by Cheryl Palmer, Slaves at Little Edisto and Frogmore Plantations, Edisto Island, SC, 1858 Indexed by Alana, Governor Joseph Morton and Some of His Descendants: A. S. Salley, Jr. SC Approximately 13.7 per cent of the total black population was free. 2015-2020 University of South Carolina aws, University of South Carolina, Institute for Southern Studies, https://www.scencyclopedia.org/sce/entries/slavery/. About Us | Contact Us | Copyright | Report Inappropriate Material Planters needed cotton gins to process their cotton profitably, as the machinery was much more efficient than manual labor. Williamsburg County South Carolina 1860 slaveholders and For in plantation colonies African slaves came to be the universal solution to problems of labor when other solutions, including white indentured servitude and bound Native American labor, proved inadequate. Do idyllic southern plantations really tell the story of slavery During the antebellum era the majority of slaves lived on plantations claiming more than twenty slaves, while the majority of slaveholders owned far fewer than twenty slaves. Brick House: Jenkins Accompanied by an Account of the First Thomas Elliott and of Some of His Descendants: Mabel L. Webber The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine Vol. This marked another distinctive feature of South Carolina, for it was the only colony in English North America where this proportion existed. 3 (Jul., 1902), pp. Myrtle Grove Plantation: Heyward Published by: South Carolina Historical Society. In fact, in their Declarations and Proposals to all that will Plant in Carolina (1663), the Lords Proprietors had not mentioned black slavery, merely offering land under a headright system for every servant transported to the Carolina coast. This is a list of plantations and/or plantation houses in the U.S. state of South Carolina that are National Historic Landmarks, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, listed on a heritage register, or are otherwise significant for their history, association with significant events or people, or their architecture and design. Hyde Park Plantation Pond Plantation: Head 5, No. Wantoot Plantation: St. Julien, Ravenel They sold everything from oysters to peaches, cake to cloth and were not above organizing to control prices. Sorry, you have Javascript Disabled! 6, No. According to the 1860 census (in which his surname was listed as "Ellerson"), he owned 63 Black slaves, making him the largest of the 171 Black slaveholders in South Carolina, but far from the largest overall slave holder in the state. By visiting this site or by clicking on an advertisement, OnGenealogy may receive a small payment from Google Adsense. He also learned blacksmithing. (Thomas) Elliot's Plantation: Elliot Slavery was common for thousands of years. On March 27, 1863, John Wilson Buckner, William Ellison's oldest grandson, enlisted in the 1st South Carolina Artillery. These surroundings could not help but affect the perceptions and attitudes of white South Carolinians, and these and other circumstances relate them more closely than other British North Americans to their compatriots in the West Indies. Ancestry.com and our loyal RootsWeb community. Hall, Kermit L. The Oxford Companion to American Law. WebThe 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Williamsburg County, South Carolina (NARA microfilm series M653, Roll 1238) reportedly includes a total of 10,259 slaves. Vol. This area was rapidly being developed for cotton plantations of short-staple cotton. He took a wife at the age of 21. Fickling Plantation: Mougin Most professional slave traders, however, set up bases along the west African coast where they purchased slaves from Africans in exchange for firearms and other goods. Black Slaveowners: Free Black Slave Masters in South Carolina, 17901860. This arrangement provided both physical and to some extent psychological distance between masters and slaves, allowing slaves some autonomy once the workday was over, a luxury that was often denied house servants and those living on small farms. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1968. The average age of child bearing among slave women in the antebellum South was nineteen years old, while the average age for white women was twenty-one. Woodburn, Cathwood 3 (Jul., 1908), pp. Millwood Plantation: Calhoun/ Colhoun, Ashtabula If such a person also had a child with a Native woman, as was not uncommon, the half-European, half-Native child would inherit the enslaved people (and their children) under white law, as well as the right to use tribal lands under tribal law. Many Black slaves were allowed to hold jobs, own businesses, and own real estate. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27575281, Captain William Capers and Some of His Descendants: A. S. Salley, Jr. 3-19. Halliburton Jr., R. "Free Black Owners of Slaves: A Reappraisal of the Woodson Thesis." April and Matilda had several more children: three sons, Henry (b.c.1816-August 20, 1883), Reuben (b.c.1818-d.May 1864),[6] and William Jr. (July 19, 1819 July 24, 1904);[5] and daughters Maria[7] and Mary Elizabeth (June 11, 1824 September 15, 1852). Sea Island: Whaley Psychologically, though, slaves in Carolina may have had an easier time than those in, say, Virginia because they were much more ethnic groups. WebDecades of research slave ship manifests, plantation ledgers, newspaper articles, letters, journals and archaeological digs by dozens of scholars supports this, much of it In the aftermath of the war, as the economy slowly recovered, planters produced cotton for export. Both names were popular for girls in those years. Silver You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Somerset Plantation Bailey's Island: Mikell, Whaley, Bailey Northampton Plantation: St. Julien, Moultrie, This combination put such people in a position to expand their wealth, eventually operating large farms and plantations. He had to earn the money and also work within state laws that restricted such manumissions. Gravel Hill Plantation: Pamor/ Palmer Good Hope Plantation: Mougin The South Carolina Historical Magazine, Vol. Some independent slave merchants did in fact stage raids on unprotected African villages and kidnap and enslave Africans. January 2016. Published by: South Carolina Historical Society. McCreighton kept his part of the trust, and Maria lived as if she were free. Gates Jr., Henry Louis. Buck Hall Plantation WebSouth Carolina and the African Slave Trade. Cotton production was not as labor intensive as rice production and could be carried out by a man and his family. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. [5] In 1850 the sons each held slave women who worked as domestic servants for their families.[7]. Springfield Plantation: Palmer, Blessing Plantation Ferguson, Leland. ISBN 1-317-35045-6. Melrose Plantation: Mougin Slaves on South Carolina Plantation, 1862. 1 (Jan., 1905), pp. One of the less well knownaspects of the history of slavery is how many and how oftenpeople of color owned and traded slaves in earlyAmerica. 1, No. While the slaves work regime was intensive, slaves by no means passively acquiesced to the whims of masters. These cookies do not store any personal information. Of 17,000 people in South Carolina in 1720, 12,000 were black; by 1740 only 15,000 of the 45,000 people in South Carolina were white. 1 (Jan., 1900), pp. 1 (Jan., 1901), pp. On June 8, 1816, at the age of 26, April was freed by his master William Ellison (likely his father, as April took his name as a free man). The English colonists benefited from the knowledge of their African bondsmen, many of whom came from rice-growing regions in Africa and knew more about the cultivation of the crop than did Englishmen. It is perhaps true that many masters resented the self-confidence and relative independence such a system permitted and that some were more successful than others at limiting the slaves possibilities, but all masters made concessions. Snopes and the Snopes.com logo are registered service marks of Snopes.com. TO FIND SOUTH CAROLINA PLANTATION RECORDS, RootsWeb is funded and supported by Magnolia Garden Cotton Hope: Barnwell But the proprietors soon acquiesced to the desires of the Barbadians they sought to attract and who wanted to bring their slaves. In 1861, her father Ellison provided for her to receive $500 in his will. The historian Winthrop Jordan argued that in perhaps no other area was the prohibition on interracial sex involving a white woman and a black man so early and strictly established and maintained. Oak Island: Seabrook Plantation, http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~ajac/scbeaufort.htm, http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~ajac/sccolleton.htm, http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~ajac/scfairfield.htm, http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~ajac/scgeorgetown.htm, http://www.geocities.com/frankoclark/civwar/losses.html. Richmond Plantation: Palmer This Masters acquiesced to slaves participating in this informal economy because it would have been difficult to prevent and the existence of a market for fresh vegetables and slave-made crafts provided a convenient and relatively cheap source for food and other goods. White people ended legal chattel slavery. Fee Farm (Ashepoo) 5, No. Learn more. A grandson fought informally with the regular Confederate Army and survived the war. If you have a genealogy business or resource, we'd love to add you to our listings! Point Place Plantation: Mougin 14, No. All of these things meant that the external attributes of slavery in South Carolina were harsh. (Creeks, Choctaws, and Chickasaws, she said, held around 3,500 slaves, across the three nations, as the 19thcentury began.) Russell, John Henderson. Plantation: Seabrook It took years for Ellison to buy his wife and children out of slavery. Moreover, even as some white people were laboring to put an end to slavery, many other white people were fighting to preserve it. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27575122, Slaves in the Estate of Benjamin J. Johnson, Charleston, SC, 1861 Indexed by Alana Thevenet, Sale of 101 Slaves in the Estate of B.F. Johnson, Charleston, SC, 1862 Indexed by Alana, Slaves at Foot Point Plantation, Estate of D. G. Joye, Beaufort, SC, 1851Indexed by Whitney, Sale of Slaves in the Estate of Daniel G Joye, Charleston, SC, 1853Indexed by Robin Foster, Enslaved Ancestors in the Estate of Newman Kershaw, Charleston, SC, 1841 Indexed by Sheri Fenley, Slaves in the Estate of Mitchell King, Charleston, SC and Chatham, GA, 1863 Indexed by Alana Thevenet, Slaves in the Estate of Mary LaRoche, Johns Island and Wadmalaw Island, SC, 1842 Indexed by Khalisa Jacobs, Slaves in the Estate of Thomas Legare, Charleston and Orangeburg, SC, 1843 Indexed by Khalisa Jacobs, Slaves in the Estate of Aaron Loocock, Richland and Charleston, SC, 1794 Indexed by Karen Meadows-Rogers, Slaves at Hopsewee Plantation, Santee River, Georgetown, SC, 1854 Indexed by Alana, African Children in the Estate of James Mackie, Charleston, SC, 1806 Indexed by Khalisa Jacobs, Slaves at the White Oak and Ogilvie Plantations of Joseph Manigault, Georgetown, SC, 1844 Indexed by Alana, 227 Slaves in the Estate of John T. Marshall, Charleston, SC, 1860 Indexed by Cheryl Palmer, Slaves in the Estate of Robert Martin, Barnwell District, 1853 Indexed by Sheri Fenley, 271 Slaves in the Estate of Wm. Her first marriage was to Willis Buckner, an African American man, and produced one son, John Wilson Buckner (born 1831, the same year as the death of his father). Ellis Plantation: Elliot Thanks for visiting! These conditions facilitated African adjustment and appropriation of local skills. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Peru Plantation: Porcher At the end of the eighteenth century rice cultivation was adapted to the tide flow, and rice fields were constructed out of low-lying regions fronting rivers. Middleton Place The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine Vol. Along with rice, cotton was also planted in colonial South Carolina, but mostly for domestic consumption and often by black slaves. 4 (Oct., 1903), pp. Plantation: Mougin On dozens of plantations, planters had driven hundreds of slaves to clear dry swamps In order to identify records of interest, you must first examine the genealogy of slaveholding families. Oakridge & Ackleburger/Egelburger African American Genealogy | SC Department of Archives and We thank and cherish the volunteers who have worked so hard to make these records searchable in a free collection. False. Most slaves brought to America from Africa were purchased from Black slave owners. April Ellison completed his apprenticeship after six years and continued to work at the shop as a hired hand. Waccamaw Plantation: Middleton, (Hodges) The South Carolina slave code of 1696, based on the Barbadian code of 1688, announced an end to this relatively benign period. Before the end of the seventeenth century, England, France, Denmark, Holland, and Portugal had all established slave trading posts on the west African coast. Ball, Edward. (The) Plantation: Wescott Web3. 3 (Jul., 1901), pp. 3, No. The expansion of slavery throughout the state led to the full maturity of the slave society in South Carolina. [5] Based on transcriptions of the gravestones, his wife and three generations of descendants, including his sons and their wives, were buried on this property. Claim Listing. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. WebWilliam Ellison Jr. was named "April" by his master when born into slavery about 1790 on a plantation near Winnsboro, South Carolina. True. ISBN 0-393-30314-4. Naming practices, particularly sons after fathers (and less often daughters after mothers), served to memorialize connections that might easily be physically sundered by forces over which those enslaved had no control. In the islands, the black population highly outnumbered the white population, and there an English planter was practically expected to take a black mistress. They are the work of many hearts and many hands. Published by: South Carolina Historical Society. According to the 1860 census (in which his surname was listed as "Ellerson"), he owned up to 68 black slaves, making him the largest of the 171 black slaveholders in South Carolina. William Ellison apprenticed young April at age 10 to a cotton gin maker, William McCreight of Winnsboro. In 1830 there were 3,775 free Black people who owned 12,740 Black slaves. Published by: South Carolina Historical Society. Slavery was eliminated in America via the efforts of people of various ethnicities, including white people, who took up the banner of the abolitionist movement. [10], After gaining his freedom in 1817, Ellison moved to Sumter County, South Carolina, in the High Hills of Santee, where he established himself as a cotton gin maker. Fuller's Place: J.J. Wilkes Bleak Hall: Wescott, Townsend Click the above map to view large U.S.A. map. WebIn 1699, shipping records indicate that Carolina planters sent 300 tons of rice to England. Genweb: General South Carolina genealogical information. December 1993. 2 (Apr., 1904), pp. Mary Field Plantation: Mougin By the 1850s, he also operated a blacksmith shop with artisan slaves. Family burials took place in the early decades of the twentieth century. Black's House: Jenkins [9], After purchasing his daughter Maria from her owner (as she had been born while her mother was still enslaved), Ellison set up a trust with a friend in 1830 to have legal title transferred to him for one dollar. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Published by: South Carolina Historical Society. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27575005, The Colleton Family in South Carolina: The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine Vol. Rose Hill Plantation: Kirkland Stono Rebellion - Wikipedia He eventually became a major planter and one of the wealthiest property owners in the state. Halidon Hall Plantation North Edisto Plantation: Eddings, Seabrook OnGenealogyuses advertisers and affiliate marketing. Anthony Johnson was not the first slave owner in American history, but he was, according to historians, among the first to have his lifetime ownership of a servant legally sanctionedby a court. SC Slavery - RootsWeb The county was largely devoted to cotton plantations, and the majority population were slaves. [1] From 1830 to 1865 he and his sons were the only free blacks in Sumter County, South Carolina to own slaves. Bluff Plantation: Fitzsimons, Hammond, Barnwell's Moreover, these constructions had to be maintained. 46-88. The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine Vol. Published by: South Carolina Historical Society. 108-116. Plantation tourism is shifting. Descendants of the enslaved are His priority was to free his wife so that their future children were born free. Riviol Hall Plantation: Potter [5][16], At his death, Ellison provided for dividing his property, including over 60 slaves, among his surviving daughter Maria and two surviving sons. 4 (Oct., 1921), pp. He bequeathed $500 to a slave daughter he had sold. At first, he paid for the labor of slave artisans who had been "hired out" by their masters. 6 January 2014. 4 (Oct., 1901), pp. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1913. Cowden Plantation: Hammond [5], As cotton prices were high, there was demand for Ellison's services. ISBN 0-195-08878-6. According to the 1800 law, five freemen had to appear with his master in court to attest to April's ability to support himself in freedom. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27575298, Slaves at the Brick Hope Plantation of A D Graves, Berkeley, SC 1854 Indexed by Alana, Slaves in the Estate of Jacob Guerard, Bees Creek, Beaufort, SC, 1823 Indexed by Khalisa Jacobs, The Harlestons: Theodore D. Jervey The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine Vol. Wikimedia Commons. Col. William McCreighton nominally "owned" Maria, but the trust provided for her to live with her father, who could free her if the laws changed to make it easier to achieve. 1 (Jan., 1904), pp. Sort of true. Point of Pines Plantation: Bailey Ramsey, William L. A Coat for Indian Cuffy: Mapping the Boundary between Freedom and Slavery in Colonial South Carolina. South Carolina Historical Magazine 103 (January 2002): 4866. The Fundamental Constitutions (1669) envisioned slavery among other forms of servitude and social hierarchy at the colonys inception. But, it appears April was allowed to keep a portion of his fees, as he later purchased his freedom from Ellison. Mathewes, Georgetown, SC, 1848, Slaves at Hickory Hill Plantation of Edith Mathews, Charleston, SC, 1796, 1867 Estate Inventory of John Raven Mathews: List of Enslaved People Freed in 1865, Slaves in the Estate of William Mazyck, Charleston, SC, 1863, Slaves at Indian Field Plantation, South Santee, Georgetown Co., SC, 1863, Slaves at Snee Farm Plantation, Charleston, SC, 1859, Slaves in the Estate of Mary McKewn, Oak Hill Plantation, Charleston, 1853, Sale of 106 Slaves in the Estate of Anne Middleton McUen, SC, 1851, Slaves at Brick Barn and Buckfield Plantations of Isaac McPherson, 1787, Enslaved Ancestors on 5 Plantations in the Estate of John McPherson, Beaufort and Colleton Counties, SC, Africans Noted, Enslaved Ancestors on 4 Plantations of James McPherson, Beaufort, SC, 1834, Slaves in the Estate of William Milland, Charleston, SC, 1860, Slaves at Little Edisto and Frogmore Plantations, Edisto Island, SC, 1858, Slaves on The Grove Plantation, , Charleston, SC, 1857, Slaves in the Estate of George Morris, in Families, Charleston, SC, 1835, 4 Generations of Slaves on Motte and Broughton Plantations, Berkeley, SC, 1842, Slaves in the Estate of Joseph James Murray, Edisto Island, SC, 1819, Grimball of Edisto Island: Mabel L. Webber, Grimball of Edisto Island (Continued): Mabel L. Webber, The Descendants of Col. , of South Carolina: Barnwell Rhett Heyward, The Descendants of Col. William Rhett, of South Carolina (Continued): Barnwell Rhett Heyward, Descendants of John Jenkins, of St. Johns Colleton: Mabel L. Webber, The Early Generations of the Seabrook Family: Mabel L. Webber, Early Generations of the Seabrook Family (Continued): Mabel L. Webber. The hard times associated with the slave regime did not end with emancipation for the states freedmen and freedwomen, but the family and community bonds forged during slavery proved invaluable assets during the Reconstruction era. In this early period of Carolinas history, then, Africans had some advantages over Europeans. The Free Negro in Virginia, 1619-1865. 11, No. South Carolina Plantations and Slave Names. CAROLINA In our blog we encourage people to find and share their family histories to make meaningful connections with other peoplepast, present, and future. Sankofagen Wiki run by Karmella Haynes has a list of South Claim: A circulating list of nine historical "facts" about slavery accurately details the participation of non-whites in slave ownership and trade in America. True Blue Plantation: Blake Published by: South Carolina Historical Society. WebOf the estimated 46,200 plantations existing in 1860, 20,700 had 20 to 30 enslaved people and 2,300 had a workforce of a hundred or more, with the rest somewhere in between. The name indicated the month he was D.) Erwin's Plantation: Erwin In 1654, a civil court found that Johnson in fact owned Casor's services for life, an outcome historian R Halliburton Jr. calls "one of the first known legal sanctions of slavery other than as a punishment for crime.". To see this page as it is meant to appear, please enable your Javascript! Carolinas Gold Coast: The Culture of Rice and Slavery Littlefield, Daniel C. Rice and Slaves: Ethnicity and the Slave Trade in Colonial South Carolina. These considerations facilitated the spread of slavery by making it more accessible to the successful farmer. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1998. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1981. Mammoth Arcadia Plantation, Oak Hill Plantation, Prospect Hill Plantation, 5, No. Note to Florida and Ron DeSantis: Enslaved Africans were already American Indians owned thousands of Black slaves. (James GPX (all coordinates) Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1984. DuBose, Ravenel, Stevens Slave runaways, those who in effect stole themselves, were numerous, as the ubiquitous advertisements in antebellum newspapers posting rewards for their capture attest. Africans were imported in significant numbers from about the 1690s, and by 1715 the black population made up about sixty percent of the colonys total population. South Carolina SC Plantations Plantation: Barr, Reed Paul T Gervais, Charleston, SC, 1857, Slaves at the Exchange and Laurels Plantations, Paul T Gervais, SC, 1856, Slaves at Oakley Farm and in Charleston, Estate of Adelaide E. Gibbs, 1859, Slaves at the Rosemont Plantation of Adelaide Gibbs, 1860, Enslaved Ancestors in the Estate of John Gibbes, Colleton, SC, 1814, Slaves in the Estate of Theodore Gourdin, Berkeley County, SC, 1864, Slaves in the Estate of Theodore Gourdin, Georgetown and Williamsburg, SC, 1826, Slaves at the Brick Hope Plantation of A D Graves, Berkeley, SC 1854, Slaves in the Estate of Joshua Grimball, Edisto Island, SC, 1758, Slaves in the Estate of John Grimball, in Families, 4 Africans Noted, 1806, Slaves in the Estate of Jacob Guerard, Bees Creek, Beaufort, SC, 1823, Slaves in the Estate of George Paddon Bond Hasell, Charleston and Union, SC, 1819, 1,648 Slaves in the Estate of Nathaniel Heyward, Charleston, SC, 1851, Slaves in the Estate of Henry M. Holmes, Berkeley, SC, 1854, Slaves at Washington Plantation, Berkeley, South Carolina, 1860, 416 Slaves, Estate of Thomas Horry, Charleston and Georgetown, SC, 1820, Slaves at the Clydesdale Plantation of D E Huger, Beaufort, SC, 1855, Slaves in the Estate of John Huger, St. Lukes Parish, Beaufort, SC, 1853, Slaves in the Estate Sale of Alfred Huger, Jr., Charleston, SC, 1857, Slaves at Cat Island and Bluff Plantations of Alexander Hume, 1849, Slaves at the Cat Island Plantation of Thomas W. Hume, Charleston, SC, 1861, 213 Slaves in the Estate of Jacob Bond Ion, Charleston, SC, 1797, Estate Inventory of Richard Jenkins, Wadmalaw Island, Charleston District and St. Helena Island, Beaufort District, SC, 1857, Estate Inventory of Richard Jenkins, Wadmalaw Island, Charleston, SC, 1857, 117 Slaves in the Estate of Micah J. Jenkins, Charleston, SC, 1852, Slaves in the Estate of Benjamin J. Johnson, Charleston, SC, 1861, Sale of 101 Slaves in the Estate of B.F. Johnson, Charleston, SC, 1862, Slaves at Foot Point Plantation, Estate of D. G. Joye, Beaufort, SC, 1851, Sale of Slaves in the Estate of Daniel G Joye, Charleston, SC, 1853, Enslaved Ancestors in the Estate of Newman Kershaw, Charleston, SC, 1841, Slaves in the Estate of Mitchell King, Charleston, SC and Chatham, GA, 1863, Slaves in the Estate of Mary LaRoche, Johns Island and Wadmalaw Island, SC, 1842, Slaves at the Farmfield Plantation of Margaret Laurens, 1859, Slaves at the Point Comfort Plantation of Keating S Laurens, Charleston, SC, 1854, Slaves in the Estate of Thomas Legare, Charleston and Orangeburg, SC, 1843, Slaves in the Estate of Aaron Loocock, Richland and Charleston, SC, 1794, Inventory & Division of Slaves in the Estate of James Lowndes, Colleton, SC, 1839, Sale of 96 Slaves in the Estate of Edward Lowndes, Charleston, SC, 1853, Slaves at Hopsewee Plantation, Santee River, Georgetown, SC, 1854, African Children in the Estate of James Mackie, Charleston, SC, 1806, Slaves at the White Oak and Ogilvie Plantations of Joseph Manigault, Georgetown, SC, 1844, 153 Slaves in the Estate of Francis Marion, Berkeley, SC, 1826, Division of Slaves in the Estate of Francis Marion, Charleston, SC, 1833, 227 Slaves in the Estate of John T. Marshall, Charleston, SC, 1860, Slaves in the Estate of Robert Martin, Barnwell District, 1853, 271 Slaves in the Estate of Wm.